Investigations on the glucosinolates of lepidium sativum growing in Egypt and their biological activity

Fractionation of the glucosinolate contents of both the seeds and fresh herb of Lepidium sativum growing in Egypt were carried out. The study of the glucosinolate contents of L. sativum seeds revealed the isolation and identification of glucotropaeolin and 2- Phenyl ethyl glucosinolate while the study of glucosinolate contents of the fresh herb revealed the presence of 2- ethyl butyl glucosinolate, methyl glucosinolate, butyl glucosinolate and glucotropaeolin. The identification of the isolated glucosinolates were substantiated through using different chemical methods [enzymatic hydrolysis] and spectroscopic determinations [UV, MS and GC-MS for the corresponding isothiocyanates]. Acute toxicity studies of pet ether and alcoholic extracts of aerial parts of the plant showed that the alcoholic extract is more safe than that of pet ether extract and both extracts have a hepatoprotective activity on liver at the same concentration [50 micro g/ml]. The different extracts of the seeds and herbs of Lepidium sativum showed a potent effect against the White fly [Bemisia tabaci]. The total glucosinolate and in particular glucotropaeolin showed significant activity against the pest, which gave a highest mortality percentage on the adult stage

lipid and flavonoidal constituents of Herniaria nemistemon J.gay and their biological activity

The LIPID content of Herniaria nemistemon grown in Egypt was studied. The unsaponifiable fraction was identified by GLC. A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[20]-C[32], in addition to cholesterol, campasterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, and the triterpenoid alpha-amyrin, as well as fatty alcohol fraction ranging from C[31]-C[38] were identified. The fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of the 14 fatty acids in which palmitic acid [21.62%] represented the major constituent. The flavonoidal constituents isolated from the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of aqueous alcoholic extract of H. nemistemon were identified as kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 7-O-rhamnoglucosyl, vitexin and kaempferol 4'-methyl ether, using PC, TLC, UV,[1] H-NMR and MS analysis. The different extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity against [DPPH]. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity followed by chloroform extract, and the fraction containing triterpene and sterols presented a relatively strong antioxidant effect, also it was found that all the isolated flavonoidal compounds showed high activity. The different extracts and isolated compounds of the plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich-ascites carcinoma cell line at the tested concentrations

phytochemical investigation of asteropterus leyseroides [Desf] and their biological activity

The flavonoidal constituents isolated from the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of aqueous alcoholic extract of Asteropterus leyseroides [Desf] were identified as quercetin, Jaceidin, jacein and a phenolic acid, caffeic acid using PC, TLC, uv,[1-]H-NMR and MS analysis. Also, the lipid content was studied. GLC analysis of the unsaponifiable fraction revealed the presence of a series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[I2]-C[29] in addition to cholesterol, stigmasterol and alpha-amyrin, as well as fatty alcohol fraction ranging from C[24]-C[39] were identified. The fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of 10 fatty acids in which linoliec acid [35.99%] represented the major constituent. The crude protein of the plant was found to be [12.71%]. The analysis of the amino acids using the amino acid analyzer revealed the presence of 15 amino acids. The mucilage hydrolysate of the aerial parts of Asteropterus leyseroides was found to contain glucouronic acid, xylose, rhamnose and glucose using PC. The radical scavenging effects of the tested extracts and isolated compounds on 1, 1 Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] free radical were observed. The ethyl acetate fraction and the isolated flavonoidal compounds showed high antioxidant activity. The different extracts and isolated compounds of the plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich-ascitis carcinoma cell line at the tested concentrations

Phytochemical and bioactivity investigation of chrysanthemum coronarium [var. discolor] durv growing in Egypt

The unsaponifiable fraction afforded by the pet. ether extract of the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium [var. discolor] was analysed by GLC. A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[13]-C[29] in addition to cholesterol, stigmasterol and the triterpenoids alpha-amyrin and Beta-amyrin were identified. The GLC analysis of the fatty alcohol fraction revealed presence of 9 waxy alcohols, also analysis of the fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of 14 fatty acids in which. linolenic acid represent the main component [19.42%]. The flavonoid constituents isolated from the flowers and leaves were identified as quercetin, luteolin-4'-methyl ether, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl from the flowers and luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide,quercetin-7-O-glucoside and quercetin -3-O-rhamnogalactoside from the leaves . Their identity was proved by m.p, TLC, PC, UV, [1]H-NMR and MS analysis. GLC analysis of the volatile oil of Chrysanthemunt coronarium [Var. discolor] allowed the identification of 27 compounds which represent [79.5%] of the oil. The oil is characterized by a high content of monoterpene hydrocarbons, among which are limonene [19.3%] and alpha-pinene [11.14%] were the major compounds. Sesquiterpene compounds, either hydrocarbons or oxygenated, were detected as minor or trace amount. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed a strong antioxidant activity, using DPPH, while the volatile oil showed moderate activity, also the flavonoidal compounds isolated from the plant showed significant antioxidant activity compared to Trolox [standard antioxidant compound]. The different extracts and the isolated compounds of the plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich-ascites carcinoma cell line, while the volatile oil which showed moderate activity

Phytochemical constituents of arthrocnemum glaucum [del.] and their biological activities

The lipid contents of Arthrocnemum glaucum Del. grown in Egypt were studied. The unsaponifiable fraction was identified by GLC. A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[12]-C[20] in addition to cholesterol, p-sitosterol and the triterpenoid p-amyrin were identified. GLC analysis of the fatty alcohol fraction revealed the presence of 5 components in which hexacosanol was found to be the major component, also GLC analysis of the fatty acids methyl esters revealed the presence of 10 fatty acids. The flavonoidal constituents were identified as apigenin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, chrysoeriol and ferulic acid using PC, TLC, UV, MS and FAB-MS. The crude protein of the plant was found to be 15.1%. The analysis of amino acids using the amino acid analyzer revealed the presence of 18 amino acids. The mucilage hydrolysate of the aerial parts of A. glaucum was found to contain arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galactose using PC. The ethyl acetate fraction showed high antimicrobial activity against gram -ve, gram +ve bacteria, yeast and fungi, while the chloroform fraction showed moderate activity against gram -ve bacteria and yeast. On the other hand fatty acid and fatty alcohol mixtures showed high antimicrobial activity, also isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and chrysoeriol showed significant activity against gram -ve bacteria

Mucilage and protein constituents of certain medicinal plants growing in Egypt and their antiphytoviral activity

The crude protein of Lotus glinoides, Forsskalea tenacissima and Suaeda vermiculata were found to be 13.53%, 15.74% and 14.32% respectively. The analysis of the amino acids isolated from L. glinoides using the amino acid analyzer revealed the presence of 15 amino acids, in which alanine [9.11%], glutamic acid [8.13%] and proline [8.94%] represented the major components. The analysis of amino acids isolated from F. tenacissima revealed the presence of 17 amino acids, in which glycine [7.44%], alanine [6.63%] and glutamic acid [6.18%] were found to be the major components, while the analysis of the amino acids isolated from S. vermiculata revealed the presence of 17 amino acids, in which lysine [7.31%], threonine [6.12%] and serine [5.23%] were the main components. The mucilage of the aerial parts of L. glinoides, F. tenacissima and S. vermiculata were separately extracted and purified. The chemical composition of the mucilage of each plant was qualitatively studied by analysing their hydrolysate using paper chromatography [Whatman No. 1], where arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, galactose and galactouronic acid were characterised from L. glinoides, glucouronic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose from F. tenacissima and glucouronic acid, glucose, arabinose and rhamnose in the mucilage of S. vermiculata. The alcohol extracts and proteins isolated from the three plants mentioned above at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ ml showed antiphytoviral activity against tomato mosaic virus [ToMV] and the crude protein isolated from the three plants were more effective in reducing ToMV infcctivity or increasing inhibitory activity in vitro than in vivo. The crude protein of L glinoides had the highest effect on inactivity of ToMV in vitro [97.75% inhibition/24 hr.] as compared to the crude protein isolated from F. tenacissima and S. vermiculata [93.26% and 89.89% inhibition/24 hrs.] respectively

phytochemical and biological investigations of halocnemunt strobilaceum [Pall.]

The lipid content of Halocnemurn strobilaceum grown in Egypt was studied. The unsaponifiable fraction was identified by GLC. A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[17]-C[31] in addition to campasterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol and the triterpenoid cc-amyrin were identified. The GLC analysis of the fatty alcohol fraction revealed the presence of 7 fatty alcohols, also the analysis of the fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of 10 fatty acids in which palmitic acid was the main acid [39.26%]. The flavonoidal constituents isolated from the chloroform and the ethyl acetate fractions of the aqueous alcoholic extract of Halocnemurn strobilaceum were identified as Chrysoeriol, Luteolin 7-O-galactoside, Quercetin 7-O-rhamnoside, Luteolin, and a coumarinic compound, Scopoletin was also identified. Their identity was proved by m.p., TLC, PC, UV, 'H-NMR and MS analysis. GLC analysis of the volatile oil of the plant revealed the identification of 23 compounds which accounted for 63% of the oil. The oil is characterized by a high content of hydrocarbons [55.9%], while the oxygenated hydrocarbons were represented by [33.8%] of the identified components. Also, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpene compounds were found to be 2.6% and 8.2% respectively. The radical scavenging effects of the extracts and isolated compounds on DPPH free radical were studied. The ethyl acetate extract had a strong antioxidant activity, also the isolated flavonoidal compounds showed high antioxidant activity as compared to Trolox [standard antioxidant compound]. The different extracts and isolated compounds of the plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich-ascitis carcinoma cell line at the tested concentrations, except the volatile oil which showed moderate activity

lipid and flovonoidal constituents of Aerva javonica webb in hook. F. and their antimicrobial activity

The flavonoidal constituents isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of aqueous alcoholic extract of Aerva javanica [var. Bovi] were identified as chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin 3-0-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-0-robinoside using MP, PC, TLC, UV, 1H-NMR and MS analyses. Also, the lipid content was studied. GLC analysis of unsaponifiable fraction revealed the presence of a series of hydrocarbons ranging from C13-C30; in addition, campsterol, beta-sitosterol and the triterpenoid alpha- and beta-amyrin as well as fatty alcohol fraction ranging from C26-C36 were identified. The fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of 14 fatty acids, in which pentadecanoic acid represented the major constituent [20.39%]. The ethyl acetate extract showed a significant antimicrobial activity against G -ve bacteria, yeast and fungi; while, the isolated flavonoidal compounds, isorhamnetin 3-0-rutinoside and chrysoeriol, showed a marked activity against G -ve bacteria. On the other hand, the fatty acids mixture showed a great activity against G -ve and G +ve bacteria, while fatty alcohols showed a significant activity against G +ve bacteria